The 1906 landslide victory Essay Example for Free

The 1906 avalanche triumph Essay What exactly degree is it reasonable for infer that it was Conservative/Unionist failings that prompted the 1906 avalanche triumph? Inside the most recent 20 years being ruled by the traditionalist party, maybe it is conceivable to expect that soon there would be an opposite in moderate fortunes. This could emerge out of a liberal rebound or another gathering finding their feet in parliament. As we probably am aware it was the Liberals pointing their power again to win an avalanche triumph in 1906. Be that as it may, outside components can't altogether be ascribed to the preservationist destruction as it arrived in an avalanche rout. In addressing this inquiry I will take a gander at the wasteful aspects and impediments of the moderate party, while additionally thinking about the activities and choices of different gatherings. Most would agree that the preservationists would have thought that it was hard to increase further votes than they previously had gotten structure past races, and that their objectives were for the most part combination of their position. This avalanche in 1906 demonstrates that the traditionalist protests were neglected to be clung to. Along these lines in addressing this inquiry the primary perspective to take a gander at is the traditionalist gatherings own restrictions. A large number of the issues that the traditionalists needed to confront were them continually appearing to have an incapable pioneer, Arthur Balfour. From the start it would to be accepted that he may turn into a decent pioneer as he had cerebrums, mental fortitude, vision and that he was additionally a very much regarded man in the hall. Balfour loathed vote based systems like his uncle Salisbury, yet in that he never paid attention to it. Balfour turned out to be excessively cerebral and excessively uninvolved, and in his eyes, the Tories were an instrument for taking care of the countries issues. He saw that Britain was in a condition of decay on the universal front, with the financial development immersing close by efficiency. In this manner, resistance of the realm was required so as to make Britain progressively serious and Chamberlain was especially dedicated tot this. It must be said that it was the mix of Chamberlains reaction and Balfour letting him authorize his reaction that turned into a significant purpose for the traditionalist thrashing in the 1906 decisions. The traditionalists international strategy was likewise poor, as it was the Liberals in 1886 with the issues including Irish home guideline. Between the two men, the gathering fallen from Salisburys secure and prevailing gathering, to inevitably ruins. Balfour was additionally expensive about change, and it was the inadequately organized social change that appeared to prompt the disappointment of certain social gatherings that had been officially edified by the moderates. A case of this is the 1902 Education Act, which in the long run wound up in a political debacle. So as to accomplish national significance and proficiency it was accepted at the time that it was instruction that held the key, and that if training didnt become a noticeable element of gathering arrangements Britain would fall behind other significant nations. In this way no big surprise that Balfour and Devonshire both co-worked to advance the training demonstration of 1902. Embitterment arrived at its tops in the mid year of 1906 with Dr. Clifford, who began after organizing a crusade against training change. This turned into the start of the non-conventionalist revolt. Different changes upset the non-conventionalists gatherings, after two years with the sanctioning of the 1904 Licensing Act, which made arrangement for conclusion of republic houses yet in addition remunerated the individuals who had lost exchange by a duty on those remaining. With Balfours powerlessness to change he had two significant examples in the open spotlight, which totally discolored the partys notoriety with fix demonstrating total lack of care towards the general conclusion. Balfour botch on the household front with him thoroughly fathoming the worker's guilds disturbance that emerged structure a progression of decisions in the late 1890s (Taff Vale). Conversely with Disraeli during the 1870s he put forth no attempt to stop the weight gatherings. Balfours principle concerns were with the international strategy and keeping up of the realm, which essentially would upgrade Britains position. Another significant slip-up that Balfour made was the harm from the Boer War in South Africa. Alfred Miller worried about the war requested the importation of Chinese laborers, these laborers would work in the gold mines of the Rand. At first Chamberlain who clearly perceived the significance of general sentiment vetoed the solicitation, anyway the load up endorsed the solicitation later in 1903. This end up being an error with an influx of dissent all over Britain, principally bite the dust to the individuals getting progressively mindful of human rights. The clamor came structure the heart as the Chinese laborers needed to work in poor conditions in the most little and risky regions. Balfour could have dismissed the thought, anyway to him the a rrangement was powerful and down to earth. On the fifteenth May 1903, Birmingham, Chamberlain announced his confidence in royal inclination as he proposed to relinquish organized commerce which had become a method of British life for a long time. He accepted that an arrangement of obligations would integrate the general realm, raise income for social change and ensure British industry. The war on the Tariffs had begun with Chamberlain seeing this move a method of taking care of the countries issues while giving him singular increases, for example, him being at the center of attention in the wake of blurring with the peak of the Boer War. In July 1903 an offended gathering of unionists started to set a Free Food League, and therefore Balfour confronted an incredibly perilous position. Severe fights were starting to shape between the individuals who supported organized commerce and the individuals who were levy reformers. Another monstrous hit to the preservationist party under the debates of tax change was the loss of Winston Churchill, who freely demonstrated the necks of the nonconformists, levy change turned into an energizing weep for moderates and a discretionary risk. The insurance of people implied less nourishment for the individuals, while the fre exchange represented flourishing and modest food. Chamberlains change, was honestly lamentable to correspond with financial recovery, yet this dread of costly food made a counter in the nation and I accept this was the significant slip-up made by the gathering, which at last delivered a swing against them of decimating extent in what is know seen as the avalanche triumph of 1906. Chamberlain and Balfour both appeared to have the ineptitudes to conciliate every single social gathering and this was exacerbated with their insufficient social change, failure to comprehend general supposition and their steady concentration after taking care of the countries issue. This all added to the declining preservationist support. The perspectives that I have quite recently committed are the traditionalists errors that prompted the avalanche triumph, yet the Liberal party after Gladstone was embraced changes. These progressions were clear in their association and belief system and hence by the mid 1900s it was prepared again to challenge the traditionalists through the appointive framework. The year 1902 was a conclusive year for the nonconformists fortunes. At first, the dissidents looked set to separate further into groups as Roseberys authority had finished in him driving a weight bunch inside the gathering as a leader of the new liberal alliance. The gathering name was Schism which incorporated the conspicuous figures, for example, Gray, Fowler and Asquith. The gathering anyway started to blur away. The instruction Act set up by the preservationists allowed the Liberals to change and join together and rally to the non-traditionalist reason. The Liberal lawmakers currently had something to get on, and antagonistic vibe toward rate bolster fir church schools and the abrogation of the non-traditionalist ruled educational committees was an ideal issue. By-races quickly swung against the Tories, as the Liberals won in Bury and Leeds by July. In 1903 Chamberlain had started his notorious tax change battle and gave the Liberals a totally ideal issue wherein they could challenge. The Liberal purposeful publicity, machine had got moving with the fundamental liberal feature enormous Liberal Loaf against the little Tory portion. Asquith started to rise as a main hero in the issue, and was a thistle in Chamberlains side. Through the crusade the nonconformists were winning back votes structure the common laborers as the dissidents played upon the way that the taxes were being established to the detriment of the majority who need to pay for them. This at that point prompted more places falling under the Liberal handle like Lancashire. Indeed, even new care groups were being supported, as the National League of Young Liberals was set up in 1903 and had 300 branches by 1906. Gladstones accomplishments as a coordinator implied a fall in the quantity of unionist up-and-comers. The parting of the dynamic vote had plainly bounced back to the unionist advantage, featured in the unionist strength at Barnard stronghold in 1903. The inevitable understanding was marked in September 1903 with the fundamental significance being that Labor would get a free altercation around forty to fifty unionist situates as an end-result of support the Liberals somewhere else. The consequences of the 1906 decisions were central to the settlement made by the two gatherings, as the advantages influenced both. For sure the LRC and the Liberals had the option to focus after profiting by the new end result of common laborers awareness, which was appeared generally at the counter against the war battled for the rich entrepreneurs of the Rand, the lucrative plans of Chamberlain, the derisive nature against Labor with the oppression of Chinese specialists and the refusal to turn around the Taff Vale judgment. The change issue was the last deficiency of the moderates for the Liberals to suggest the conversation starter. The 1906 races was a fiasco for Unionists though the dissidents merge their fortifications while picking up in Lanca shire, London and the southeast. Taking everything into account I accept that it was mostly because of the preservationist failings that prompted the 1906 avalanche decisions. The Tory party was going by tw

Human Resource Management and Performance Method

Question: Examine about the Human Resource Management and Performance Method. Answer: Presentation Execution evaluation and prize frameworks frequently fill in as the helper. The human asset office is frequently overwhelmed with the procedure and the supervisors are undeveloped in conveying amazing audits that surely impact the representative exhibition and build up the business. Moreover, the prize administration is about the structure, application, support, appraisal and correspondence of remuneration strategy that encourages the associations to upgrade execution and accomplish their objectives and goals. It is recognized that ability the board methods is influenced by the poor framework or structure of remuneration and execution evaluation. An exhibition evaluation permits the entrepreneur to give useful criticism to representatives and even decide whether there is a suitable increment in pay. With the assistance of standard rating measures for every worker, the firm could guarantee decency all the while. In any case, various difficulties ought to be defeated to build the adequacy of the evaluation frameworks. As set forward by Liu and Dong (2012), the greater part of execution evaluation are actualized so inadequately that could really hurt the legitimate case. The test related with the structure, application and useful utilization of examination frameworks are very much reported and they keep on being disappointing to both scholarly and professionals. In the present exposition, existing examinations suggesting a portion of the issues or difficulties with the exhibition evaluations have been introduced. From there on, the issues identified with it will be talked about further in the article. The significant reason for the article is to distinguish the difficulties that associations in the ongoing time face in actualizing prize and execution evaluation frameworks. As indicated by Jskelinen and Laihonen, (2013)performance examinations is considered as the conventional administration framework by which the activity execution of a representative is inspected and assessed, to distinguish their quality and soft spot for development in future. The resulting administrator or the chiefs of the associations lead the strategy. Here, Renwick, Redman and Maguire (2013) remarked that organizations are keen on best practices, frequently search for the approaches to upgrade worker execution just as rouse representatives to pick up as well as could be expected. Along these lines, to be successful, the exhibition examination ought to satisfy certain measures like the way toward formalizing to guarantee decency to the representatives in question. As opined by Taticchi, Balachandran and Tonelli (2012) a fundamental evaluation of staff make it simple to increase a few advantages, for example, empowering quality execution by remunerating the individuals who perfor m well. As opined by Fugate, Prussia and Kinicki (2012), numerous workers despise execution evaluation interviews inspired by a paranoid fear of analysis, dread of vulnerability, in managing the inquiries. They dread that their pay rates, advancements and their relationship with the organization pivot upon the outcome of these meetings as legitimization for choices that are made in regard to the compensation, advancement and employment residencies. Songstad et al., (2012) referenced that the recognizable proof of the assessment measures is the greatest test experienced by the top administration. The presentation information ought to be considered for the survey should be deliberately chosen. Above all, the evaluation rules ought to be in a quantifiable term. The top administration now and again does exclude the evaluators and they need ability just as the information to choose the rules precisely. In the event that the pioneers or the chiefs of the firm come up short on the experience and th e necessary preparing to actualize the examination frameworks impartially, the organizations won't vanquish the potential difficulties. In actuality, with regards to remunerate the board, the supervisors frequently do not have the aptitude of guaranteeing that the prize administration systems back the accomplishment of the associations business methodologies just as fulfill the requirements and desire for the workers for professional stability, dependability and vocation upgrade. The directors the individuals who don't have proper information, think that its hard to accomplish inner value just as outer seriousness. The HR division needs to direct market examination to react to dividing pay showcase and keep up a sensibly reasonable compensation structure. The supervisors need to focus on remunerating for yield and keep up the quality norms. At the point when the organizations can't devise suitable plans or procedures, the organizations think that its hard to compensate singular execution and commitment just as advance work. The supervisors need to have the right stuff to have the best out of the workers. In the majority of the evaluation, the directors totally center around the individual qualities including individual characteristics, responsibility, experience and practices. Positively, these variables could add to the improvement of execution yet they may not be the real proportions of the normal yield. Gupta and Kumar (2012) remarked that the workers of a few associations are least happy with the technique utilized in the exhibition evaluation and prize frameworks. The fortune 500 study has uncovered that almost 243 supervisors of 25 associations have reacted that they are not happy with the exhibition evaluation and prize frameworks. About, 76% of the representatives are less with the strategies (Royer, Stehr and Sydnor 2015). As remarked by ALDamoe, Yazam and Ahmid (2012), inadequate, mistaken, obscure and the presentation appraisal are regular admission in numerous associations. Then again, Lepper and Greene (2015) remarked that while nothing unexpected or administrators give in superfluous worker criticism to maintain a strategic distance from the conceivable claim, the pioneers ought to know about the legitimate conventions of their exhibition the executives practice. Satisfactory, quantifiable guidelines ought to be created to gauge the exhibition of the representatives. This may assist the workers with understanding what is normal from them. Having contemplated associations intently and broke down their worker reward frameworks over some undefined time frame, what comes out tenaciously is that while reward keeps on residual the center ability the executives action, overseeing effectively the representative prize framework stays as the huge test for a large number of those associations. The workers don't have any thought regarding the procedure that goes behind the arrangement, structure and conveyance of the prize framework. Truth be told, the equivalent are additionally not conveyed appropriately to the individuals and the inclusion of the line chiefs are likewise not looked for in the strategy either. Thusly, HR can't either well-spoken or expand the estimation of such prize frameworks to its inside purchasers. While arranging and building up the prize projects, it is more than once found that HR works, best case scenario with a least number of picked partners who they are alright with, just as not in generally speaking arrangement with companys objectives. This could come out as the absence of wide arrangement between the worker needs and hierarchical goal. Heidrich and Tiwary (2013) remarked that there is a discernment that the nonappearance of an appropriate Job assessment framework or all around planned expected set of responsibilities frequently neglect to recognize the genuine current task and its value, as against intensely made position. It is distinguished that entanglement of the equivalent is improper employment mapping exercise with the proportionate market work. The associations that don't follow their opposition or contrast their pay levels and the business consistently experience the impediment of not paying their laborers. It is shrewd for the associations to get industry pay level intermittently, as ongoing information is the best other option. As remarked by Lepper and Greene (2015), the prizes are not connected with the individual needs. This implies more often than not the Employee reward Programs wind up being level and straight for the sake of consistency and correspondence. Therefore, the range of remunerations ought to be adaptable since the inspirational elements are distinctive for various gathering of workers. In like manner, their separate needs and reason ought to be met. The associations ought to pick the method of giving various strokes to various people while guaranteeing reasonableness and value in the technique. The associations should concentrate on building their inner capacities, methods, instruments and information t o recognize their Employee Reward System in logical and hearty way. The organizations need to guarantee that there is a fine harmony between representative desire just as the business requirements for holding their serious edge in the present market. The execution of remuneration framework is set up utilizing the idea that a specialist should surrender all obligations of managing and running the organizations to some gifted people who are acquainted with manage individual plan and act deftly. The entrepreneurs got into a continuous discussion that reward frameworks is worked of alternate points of view or it is based on the circumstance accessible. Shields et al. (2015) has faith in the possibility that carrot and sticks empower laborers, as they are center asset of authoritative efficiency, which draws out remuneration framework. The scholastics and the investigates demand the closeness among individual and hierarchical execution. In this manner, it can included that rewards positively increment the dangers that lead to bring down degrees of inspiration among the workers, which implies the associations can't go in a specific way to legitimize their present prize framework. Notwithstanding the developing analysis, the prize frame works followed by the associations assumes a noteworthy job of the executives. It ought to be considered altogether. The compelling prize frameworks are regularly observed to pick up noteworthiness as the new, the associations in the worldwide stage follow up on one single market. The significant issues of building up a powerful prize framework could be adaptable since there are numerous methods of defining a

Manchester

Manchester Manchester. 1 Town (1990 pop. 51,618), Hartford co., central Conn.; settled c.1672, inc. 1823. Its sawmills and paper mills date from before the Revolutionary War. The city was also known for its production of grandfather clocks. Contemporary manufactures include automobile parts, tools, and dairy and paper products. Hartford's Bradley International Airport is located nearby. 2 City (1990 pop. 99,567), Hillsboro co., S N.H., on both sides of the Merrimack River; settled 1722, inc. as a city 1846. It is the largest city in New Hampshire. Among its various manufactures are computer and electronic equipment, machinery, lobster holding systems, foods and beverages, clothing, hats, industrial brushes, and medical supplies. There are also Internet and high-technology companies. In 1838 textile interests founded the city and established a huge textile-manufacturing company; Amoskeag Falls on the Merrimack provided power for the first textile mills. Until the depression of the 1930s an d the moving of much of the textile industry to the south, Manchester was heavily dependent on the industry. Many of the textile-mill buildings have been redeveloped as offices. St. Anselm College, a branch of the Univ. of New Hampshire, and the Currier Gallery of Art are there. John Stark lived and is buried in Manchester. A number of ski areas are in the vicinity. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Fun Halloween Lesson Plan Ideas

Halloween, celebrated annually on Oc. 31, is a secular holiday combining harvest festivals with costume-wearing,  trick-or-treating, and creating pranks and decorative imagery based on the changing of the seasons, death and the supernatural. No matter how old your students are, chances are theyll feel cheated if you dont do anything to recognize what has become this most-beloved childrens holiday. But creating creative lesson plans—even for a holiday that is so captivating for young students—can be a challenge. These activities can spark ideas to help you create lessons celebrating Halloween spanning all areas of learning across the curriculum. Art Make a tiny witch doll and a pumpkin.Have your students paint a pumpkin. Chorus Do your warm-up exercises making ghost sirens. Classes with Computers Make iron-on graphics for T-shirts.Middle school students may enjoy a Halloween Hunt for facts. Drama Have improvisation exercises in which students randomly walk around the stage impersonating a ghost, bat, cat, pumpkin or Frankenstein.Have groups present Halloween childrens storybooks with one person reading and the others impersonating scenery and contributing sound effects.Do the same as above with readings from The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe or with Excerpts from Ann Rices novels. English: Journal Topics Describe your scariest childhood Halloween memory.Describe the best Halloween costume made yourself or that you helped to make.Describe the best way for children to celebrate Halloween.How would you like to celebrate Halloween differently?Describe Halloween from the viewpoint of a vampire bat.Create a holiday you would like to substitute for Halloween.Write an autobiography of a jack-o-lantern.Write a poem about Halloween. English: Essay Topics Describe a neighborhood street on Halloween night.Describe a memorable Halloween party.Describe in detail an unusual Halloween costume.Explain why Halloween is celebrated today in the United States.Explain why you think trick-or-treating is (or is not) dangerous.Explain the likely consequences of vandalizing property.Persuade a local merchant to give children candy on Halloween.Persuade your parents to let you have a Halloween party on a school night.Persuade your best friend to be the rear section of your _______ costume. (You decide what the costume will be.)Persuade your school principal to show __________ all afternoon to celebrate Halloween. (Name a movie) Science You and your students will enjoy these challenging monster math word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.Use Halloween as a reason to learn about  bats. Social Studies Learn about the history of Halloween.

The Government Should Invest A Green Energy - 1337 Words

Currently, there is an ongoing debate as to whether the U.S. government should invest in green energy or leave it to the private sector. Now, the U.S. economy is a mixed economy, defined as an economic system that protects private property and allows a certain amount of freedom in the use of capital but grants government to interfere in economic activities, to achieve aims. Renewable energy essentially is a marketable public good because it has characteristics of both a public and private good. Per the Renewable Electricity Futures Study, an estimated 80 percent renewable future is feasible with current technology. A ten-year plan to reinvent America’s energy infrastructure and make it one hundred percent green energy would cost about $1.6 trillion, but would create millions of jobs (Foster, 2009). An economic principle is that people indeed respond to incentives there should be a price on carbon pollution, increase funding for research and development. A way to implement a mo re pro- green society is to inform the public and gain public approval to back it up. The government can provide direct grants that would directly fund research and development of new technology. Also, tax incentives for initial investments and operating of renewable technologies and guarantee loans (Graylee, 2012). Engineer and inventor, Elon Musk, feels that solar power is underrated and should be taken into consideration. Musk is an interview said that â€Å"if we covered just a corner of Utah or NevadaShow MoreRelatedShould The Environmental Protection Agency Proceed With The Clean Power?967 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2014 Berkeley Energy and resources collaborative had published an article Ranking Global Warming Contributions by Country (Santiago Miret). In the article they list what contributes to global warming, such as fossil fuel, methane, nitrous oxide, aerosols, and land-use. 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Due to these sources being free and causingRead MoreAir Travel And Climate Change Conference1038 Words   |  5 Pagesconsists of policies that each country must follow so that our planet’s current condition is improved. In order to meet its goal, Canada must change its transportation regulations, invest in renewable energy and improve its food regulations. The Canadian government should put a tarif on commercial airlines and invest in public transportation. Aviation is a growing industry that has an enormous impact on our climate. Before flying, it is crucial to think of the carbon footprint you are leaving on

A Touchdown on Friendship Free Essays

It was my uncle who made me realize that love could be shared to anyone or anything. Love could be shared with friends, it could be expressed through one’s passion, and it could even be shared with a favorite pet.   Through my uncle’s pet, I learned the true meaning of friendship and the true meaning of love. We will write a custom essay sample on A Touchdown on Friendship or any similar topic only for you Order Now My uncle asked me to temporarily adopt his dog one summer since he would be moving out of the country due to work related issues.   I had no idea why he chose me to take care of his dog when he knew that I was quite irresponsible at the age of twelve. Maybe, it was the exact reason why he gave me the responsibility. The Dog’s name was Touchdown, a black Labrador who was already a year old. The first few days were torture for me. My room was located near the backyard where I initially placed Touchdown and he would howl his way to sleep. I assumed that he was missing my uncle and ignored his cries. However, three days of sleepless nights forced me to give him a check. The minute I opened the backdoor of the house, he pushed his way in and walked right to my bedroom. Right then and there, it was declared that my room was also his room. I normally woke up late since there was no school to worry about. My mother would often rap at my door to make sure that I woke up early and help with the chores. When Touchdown became my roommate, he also became my alarm clock. He would bark continuously to wake me so I could let him out to do his thing. While Touchdown has become a permanent fixture in my bedroom, he still seemed wary around me. There were times that he would still bark at me when I come home or he would ignore the commands I asked him. I complained this to my uncle during one of his phone calls. He told me that I have to gain Touchdown’s trust and show him my authority so that he would follow my commands. One dog lover friend told me that I have to spend more time with Touchdown to attain these. My bond with Touchdown grew as the weeks passed by. He became my regular buddy and became a part of my peer group as well. I could consider the bond that we had as a genuine friendship between a child and a dog. I would have to say that Touchdown taught me what unconditional love meant. No matter how I scolded him and no matter how I neglected him when I was busy with other things he still remained loyal, affectionate, and trusting. Although he never talked to me, he had communicated his unconditional love to me with more than words. His actions told me that he was always there whenever I needed him. His love was unselfish and limitless. Touchdown changed my life that summer. When the summer ended, my uncle came back and took Touchdown with him. I was sad that Touchdown was leaving but was happy when I saw my uncle’s face and Touchdown’s reaction when they finally reunited. They looked so happy to see each other again. As much as I would have liked Touchdown to stay, I knew that he would be happier with my uncle. I know my uncle wanted me to learn new things by giving me the responsibility of taking care of his dog. I am not sure, however, if he knew how deep the impact was. I am grateful that my uncle entrusted me his beloved dog one summer. Through Touchdown, I have learned the true meaning of friendship and love. Loving a friend means giving unconditional love, trust, and support. Learning that from a dog that could not even talk only proves that action speaks louder than words. How to cite A Touchdown on Friendship, Papers

Teenage Marriage Essay Example For Students

Teenage Marriage Essay What is marriage? Marriage is the institution whereby men and women are joined in a special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family (Marriage 729). The fact is, marriage, to most of society, is something much more than that. To some, marriage is the uniting of their souls; to others, it is merely an escape from their fear, their pain, and their agony. The sad truth about it is that many of those marriages will end in divorce. So how do couples know if what they have will last forever? It is impossible to know for sure. No one can tell them that they definitely have what it takes to make a marriage last. Marriage is about compromise and understanding. It is also about give and take. If one party in the marriage is unwilling to give, and only takes, the marriage will be short lived. We will write a custom essay on Teenage Marriage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Statistics show that in 1998, 2,256,000 couples became married, and 1,135,000 couples became divorced (Fast 1,2). For every two couples getting married, there is one that is getting divorced. In fact, half of ALL marriages end in divorce (Ayer 41). That is a sad reality to face. Those percentage rates increase as the age of the participants decrease. It seems these days, fewer and fewer teens between the ages of 14 and 18 are getting married. This is a change for the better. Teens are usually not prepared for marriage. Marriage comes with many responsibilities; most of which teens are not prepared to handle. Early marriage, though possessing certain inherent dangers, is widely practiced in contemporary America (Teenage 1). Even if teens feel they have the potential for a lasting marriage, they should still wait to become married. One of many arguments against this is that if the teens feel they are destined to be together and they wait to become married, there is a strong potential for pregnancy before marriage. However, just because teens wait to become married does not mean that they wait to share the privileges that married couples share. Today, sex before marriage is widely practiced. Many couples, who are not even considering marriage, have sex. Chances are that if a teen couple is thinking about marriage, they probably have already had intercourse. Allowing the teens to become married would only encourage sex before they are fully prepared to handle the responsibilities that come along with it, such as pregnancy. Some may argue that if teens feel they have the potential for a lasting marriage, they should not have to wait; however, just because the teens think they have what it takes, does not mean they actually have what it takes. They really do not know what it takes to make a marriage last. The only thing they know is what they have seen, i.e. in their parents marriages. Sadly, that seems like a bad place to look for an influence, as so many marriages today are failing. It is unlikely that they will receive useful information out of an unsuccessful marriage. Today, married couples are so busy managing their marital lives that they tend to eliminate all the fun of being together (Holt 1). Teens will not be able to know what is needed to make a marriage work until they have a glimpse of what marriage is really all about. Statistics show that if a seventeen-year old girl waits two years before marrying, it can cut her chances of becoming divorced in half (Ayer 52). Teens need to wait and see if they can grow with one another. If they can learn to do that, they are on the pathway to finding a happy marriage. After all, change yourself and your partner will change (Tobin 2). .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df , .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .postImageUrl , .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df , .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:hover , .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:visited , .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:active { border:0!important; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:active , .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7fd1e2fa6355085cd6f4868d70999df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thanksgiving EssayOthers may still have the old fashion beliefs. They feel that just cause for teens to get married would be if the teen was already pregnant. They see it as the right choice to make. They feel that the baby should have a chance to grow up in a caring household with a loving mother and father. The problem with this is that if the teens are not strong enough to work out even the littlest of problems,

Hermaphrodite Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Intersex, Free Essays

Hermaphrodite Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Intersex, Free Essays Hermaphrodite Intro to Women's Studies Wsp 101 What is a hermaphrodite? The definition that Suzanne Kessler, The writer of Lessons from the Intersexed, gives us is that a true hermaphrodite is where a baby has either testes or ovaries, but the genitals are indistinct. This birth defect has been happening to a small percentage of babies throughout history ( ). A lot of Kessler's essay deals with the interviewing of six medical experts in the field of pediatric intersexuality. They supply the reader with plenty of information on the topic of intersexuality and babies born with ambiguous genitals. Kessler also supplies us with a great deal of information on the process parents have to go through with the diagnosis and the waiting period between knowing whether or not the baby is going to be a boy or girl. In Judith Lorber's essay, Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, she talks about gender and what a man or a women have to do to that is required in their specific gender. Both these essays deal with the idea of choosi ng what sex a child is going to be based on their ambiguous genitals and how their gender will affect them in the society. There are three factors that in this present time that deal with the intersex condition. Two specialists, John Money and Anke A. Ehrhardt, constructed a theory saying that gender identity can be manipulated up to eighteen months of age ( ). People who have been born into the intersex condition, nowadays, have many options to choose from on how to fix the so called problem ( ). Since technology advances everyday, there have been newly discovered ways to perform the surgery to repair the genitals ( ). Feminism also plays a part in the intersex condition. Now, feminists say that if a person has the presence or absence of gonads, it is no longer the only decisive factor for that gender he or she is in ( ). To continue, if a baby is born with ambiguous genitals, then it needs to be assigned a gender as quickly as possible ( ). I agree with that statement because I have a family friend that had to go through the same ordeal and she had to hide the fact that her newborn wasn't assigned a ge nder yet. That is sometimes hard for people to deal with because they want to know whether their baby is a boy or girl. The doctors play a huge role in the choosing of the baby's gender. The parents depend on the doctor for insight on everything because the doctor is the expert. If the doctor doesn't have a quick and comforting answer to the parents question, Is it a boy or a girl? then the parents may feel uncertain and very upset. Therefore the doctor needs to be decisive and unambiguous, so that the parents are settled, their credibility is not questioned and they help keep Money and Ehrhardt's theory valid ( ). I also think that this is a necessity, because its hard enough hearing that your child is neither fully male nor fully female, but if the doctor doesn't know how to deal with it, then who do the parents turn to. If I were in that position, I too would be going crazy, trying to figure out what to do about my child. Its like thinking, Do I want a male or a female child? I would need some assistance in that choice. Keller discusses some things doctors should have not said in post delivery. For example, You have a little boy, but he'll never function as a little boy, so you better raise him as a little girl, ( ). What do the parents say to the family and friends during the time the infant is getting surgery? One of the doctor's told one of the stories she heard, saying that the parents lied and told everyone they had twins, then when they found out the baby's gender, they had told everyone that the other twin had dies ( ). As I was reading this, I had also thought that if I were in that position I would probably do

Guide to Carbon Fiber Material

Guide to Carbon Fiber Material Carbon fiber is, exactly what it sounds like - fiber made of carbon. But, these fibers are only a base. What is commonly referred to as carbon fiber is a material consisting of very thin filaments of carbon atoms. When bound together with plastic polymer resin by heat, pressure or in a vacuum a composite material is formed that is both strong and lightweight. Much like cloth, beaver dams, or a rattan chair, the strength of carbon fiber is in the weave. The more complex the weave, the more durable the composite will be. It is helpful to imagine a wire screen that is interwoven with another screen at an angle, and another at a slightly different angle, and so on, with each wire in each screen made of carbon fiber strands. Now imagine this mesh of screens drenched in liquid plastic, and then pressed or heated until the material fuses together. The angle of the weave, as well as the resin used with the fiber, will determine the strength of the overall composite. The resin is most commonly epoxy, but can also be thermoplastic, polyurethane, vinyl ester, or polyester. DaveAlan/E/Getty Images Alternatively, a mold may be cast and the carbon fibers applied over it. The carbon fiber composite is then allowed to cure, often by a vacuum process. In this method, the mold is used to achieve the desired shape. This technique is preferred for uncomplicated forms that are needed on demand. Carbon fiber material has a wide range of applications, as it can be formed at various densities in limitless shapes and sizes. Carbon fiber is often shaped into tubing, fabric, and cloth, and can be custom-formed into any number of composite parts and pieces. Common Uses of Carbon Fiber High-end automobile componentsBicycle framesFishing rodsShoe solesBaseball batsProtective cases for laptops and iPhones The Apollo IE hypercar. Martyn Lucy/Getty Images   More exotic uses can be found in the: Aeronautics and aerospace industriesOil and gas industryUnmanned aerial vehiclesSatellitesFormula-1 race cars Some would argue, though, that the possibilities for carbon fiber are limited only by demand and the manufacturer’s imagination. Now, it’s even common to find carbon fiber in: Musical instrumentsFurnitureArtStructural elements of buildingsBridgesWind turbine blades   gilaxia/Getty Images If carbon fiber could be said to have any detractions, it would be production cost. Carbon fiber is not easily mass-produced and is therefore very expensive. A carbon fiber bicycle will easily run in the thousands of dollars, and its use in automotive is still limited to exotic racing cars. Carbon fiber is popular in these items and others are due to its weight-to-strength ratio and its resistance to flame, so much so that there is a market for synthetics that look like carbon fiber. However, imitations are often only partially carbon fiber or simply plastic made to look like carbon fiber. This occurs often in after-market protective casings for computers and other small consumer electronics. The upside is that carbon fiber parts and products, if not damaged, will almost literally last forever. This makes them a good investment for consumers, and also keeps products in circulation. For example, if a consumer is not willing to pay for a set of brand new carbon fiber golf clubs, there is a chance those clubs will be pop up on the secondary used market. Carbon fiber is often confused with fiberglass, and while there are similarities in manufacturing and some crossover in end products like furniture and automobile moldings, they are different. Fiberglass is a polymer that is reinforced with woven strands of silica glass rather than carbon. Carbon fiber composites are stronger, while fiberglass has more flexibility. And, both have various chemical compositions that make them better suited for different applications. Recycling carbon fiber is very difficult. The only available method for complete recycling is a process called thermal depolymerization, wherein the carbon fiber product is superheated in an oxygen-free chamber. The freed carbon can then be secured and reused, and whatever bonding or reinforced material that was used (epoxy, vinyl, etc.) is burned away. Carbon fiber can also be broken down manually at lower temperatures, but the resulting material will be weaker due to the shortened fibers, and thus likely not to be used in its most ideal application. For example, a large piece of tubing that is no longer being used may be split up, and the remaining parts used for computer casings, briefcases or furniture. Carbon fiber is an incredibly useful material used in composites, and it will continue to grow manufacturing market share. As more methods of producing carbon fiber composites economically are developed, the price will continue to fall, and more industries will take advantage of this unique material.

The cultural effect of automobile on Americans in the 1920 Essay

The cultural effect of automobile on Americans in the 1920 - Essay Example The automobile had come a long way by then from the era of the Model T Fords that looked like square boxes mounted on wheels. The assembly line manufacturing method of Henry Ford had become the norm in car manufacturing and allowed the people to afford the automobile at lesser than the usual price. Now, no place was too far for the public to reach. Everything was only a car ride away. However, the road infrastructure still needed to keep up with the rapid growth of the automobile economy. The affordable cost of the new range of factory line produced automobiles helped to give rise to the era of American consumerism. Americans no longer purchased goods simply for consumption. Due to the effective advertising campaigns of automobiles, first as print ads and then as commercials on radio and television, the American psyche was awakened to a new and powerful type of happiness. A happiness that lay in their ability to buy things such as automobiles which, according to the sales pitches, was guaranteed to bring them hours, days, months, or even years of happiness with their family members and friends. Now, Americans purchased a lifestyle instead of an item. They now spent their hard earned cash with the knowledge that the purchase would bring them a sense of happiness. The automobile was the greatest expression of the happiness a person could find in his rising social status. From the era of 1910 to 1950, Americans began to develop a special relationship with their cars in part due to the influence of the automobile advertisements and the cars ability to provide a freedom of movement to a person. Customizing the car also became the ultimate in personal expression for young people. The automobile had a tendency to reflect the character of the owner. There was a sense of dependence on the automobile that could often be misconstrued as an

Native Americans and early Euro-American settlers Essay

Native Americans and early Euro-American settlers - Essay Example The evidence is very clear in the presence of Christianity across the areas invaded by the Euro- American settlers. The discovery by Columbus in 1942 is a benchmark for the massive invasion by the early European settlers that would dominate the North American continent for several centuries (Fraser 37). Despite the manifestation of Christianity in various denominations, it once faced acceptance challenges amongst many North American natives. The differences in the denominations were very significant surrounded by the need for land, which increased the enmity between the Native Americans and the European settlers group. The Native Americans within the today’s United States boundaries inclusive of the people of Hawaii, and Alaska belongs to numerous tribal and ethnic groups some of which in intact political societies. The traditional Native ceremonies are still in practice in some bands and tribes alongside old theological beliefs. The use of sweet grass, tobacco, sweat lodge ceremonies and prayers in ancient phonologies are also common amongst some people in the current society. There is also the presence of the Native American church, which comprises of both Christianity elements alongside ancient spiritual practices. The presence of these practices all along to today’s society signifies strong religious beliefs and resistance to change offered by the Native American people (Kozlowski and Weber 102). The Native American religion brings along great complexity that is difficult to explain. The presence of many tribes is a profound factor alongside the verbal expression of religious principles from one generation to the other. Beliefs amongst the several tribes were different though they form a convergence at one point by sharing the major aspects. The religion amongst major tribes had a great focus on nature where animals, landscape, plants and majority of environmental elements that contribute greatly in the religious

Impact Of Climate Change On Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

Impact Of Climate Change On Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay Mauritius is a small island in the Indian Ocean, which forms part of the Mascarene Islands. It is very famous as a beautiful tourist destination. The local climate is tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; there is a warm, dry winter from the month of May to November and a hot, wet, and humid summer from November to May. There are Anti-cyclones which affect the country during May to September and Cyclones affect the country during November to April. Today, the tourism industry is the first pillar of the Mauritian economy. In brief, Mauritius had about 18,000 visitors in 1970. Between 1985 and 2000 the size of its tourism sector, measured by the increase in tourist arrivals, grew by approximately 340%. Tourist arrivals in 2004 were almost 720,000. Tourist arrivals kept increasing every year, in years 2009 and 2010 we noticed a decrease in tourists arrivals due to the World financial crisis, H1N1, price and other factors. The Tourism industry is developing very rapidly and the go vernment is expecting 2 million tourists in year 2015. The tourism created 30,000 full time job equivalents in 2000 and is creating more direct and indirect jobs with new hotels, luxury villas and tourist attractions. According to forecasts Mauritius is expecting 920, 000 tourists in 2010 which represents an increase of 5.6 percent over the figure of 871, 356 in 2009. Tourist arrivals are forecast to be around 950,000, representing an increase of 3.3 percent over 2010 (Central Statistic Office). According to the Bank of Mauritius, tourism receipts for 2011 should be about 41 billion, representing an increase of 5.1 percent over 2010. Climate Change Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (IPCC, 2007). Climate change is mainly caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere, fossil fuels, deforestation, methane, pollution, waste of energies and by other factors. Climate change has several negative impacts such as a rise in temperature, rise in sea level, beach erosion, floods, storm surge, droughts, sun burn, melting of glaciers, extinction of species, and among others. Climate scientists are very certain that the Earths climate will change at an unprecedented rate over the 21st century (Houghton et al., 2001). Researches which were made on climate change mention that Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70% between year 1970 and 2004. The Global mean sea level is likely to rise by 15 to 95 centimetres by 2100. Global mean temperature has increased by about 0.6 1 °C over the last 100 years. The years at the end of the nineties were the warmest over the last centuries; hence global temperatu re will increase in the future. All the above mentioned impacts represent a threat to the tourism industry and other sub industries. Mauritius and Climate Change The impacts of climate variability and extreme weather events are becoming a concern to the Republic of Mauritius. Though the GHG emission of Mauritius is insignificant, warming of the climate and its effects on the natural and ecological system are inevitable and already obvious. Analyses of temperature recorded at Mauritius and its outer islands show a distinct warming trend. Average temperature at all stations is increasing at the rate of 0.15 ËÅ ¡C per decade and has risen by 0.74 1.2 ËÅ ¡C when compared to the 1961-90 long term mean. At some urban stations the temperature has risen by even greater amounts. Sea levels in the southwest Indian Ocean based on reconstructed tide gauge data and Topex/Poseiden altimeter for the period 1950-2001 shows a rise of around 1.5 mm/yr at Port Louis which is the capital city of Mauritius (Church, et al., 2006). Analysis of Port Louis data for the period 1987-2007 gives a mean rise of 2.1 mm/yr for the last 10 years. Warming of the at mosphere has also impacted the hydrologic cycle over the southwest Indian Ocean. Long-term time series of rainfall amount over the past century (1905 to 2007) show a falling trend in annual rainfall over Mauritius. In fact the average rate of decrease per decade is around 57 mm. The overall decrease during the last ten years is about 8% when compared to the 1950s. There are other impacts which have been observed concerning climate in Mauritius, there is a lengthening of the intermediate dry season, the period of winter and summer has changed compared to previous years. There is a shift in the start of the summer rains which cause a problem to the increasing demand of water by sectors such as agriculture, tourism, industrial and domestic. Hence the number of consecutive dry days is increasing and the number of rainy days is decreasing. Even though there is a decrease in the number of rainy days, heavy rain falls leading to floods is being observed during the summer months of February and March. The concept of sustainable island is clearly defined by the Maurice Ile Durable programme which was presented in the parliament in June 2008. Since then, both public and private sector organisations are putting effort to develop in a sustainable way. As the tourism industry in vulnerable to climate change, hotels and other tourism businesses are trying to implement new strategies in order to mitigate climate change. Mauritius is known for its 3 s, that is the Sun, Sea and Sand. It is a great concern for the stakeholders of the tourism industry in order to preserve the 3 s. Why this research? The world is facing a major challenge. Climate change has increased the frequency, intensity and severity of disasters such as floods, droughts, landslides, famine, windstorms, and epidemics (Oxfam, 2008, AU, 2005). We cannot keep on using fossil fuels the way we do today. Scientists have laid out the risks we face and it has become clearer than ever that now is the time to take serious action on climate change. If we do not act today, the opportunity will not only slip out of our hands but it will also become much more costly to carry out the necessary low-carbon transition in the future. It is important for Mauritius to start acting now for the future generations, as Mauritius is dependent on the Tourism industry it is clear that both private and public organizations must cater for the landscape, environment, cultures, traditions, heritages and attractions to encourage tourists to keep choosing Mauritius as their holiday destination. What impact will climate change have on tourism? This can be through two means: directly through the changed climate and indirectly through the environmental changes brought about by climate change. In both cases, these impacts will occur at the origin country or region and at the destination country. This study is going to see the perception of tourism professionals on climate change, their knowledge on climate change, and their mitigation and adaptation measures. Moreover this study is going to conclude about how can climate change affects the tourism industry of Mauritius, and finally draw recommendations on how to reduce a change in climate and reduce impacts on the environment. As a result we will be able to develop in a more sustainable way without harming the nature of our island. Aims and Objectives of the study This study is designed to see the level of knowledge of tourism professionals concerning climate change and to what extent those managers think that their business is vulnerable to climate change. Moreover the questionnaire is going to collect data such as the perception of managers about the adaptation measures and about the threats that climate change represent to Mauritius. Purpose of this study The purpose of this project is to establish sufficient knowledge of climate change related changes in the research area to motivate the stakeholders to act now for the sustainability of the tourism industry of Mauritius. Thus it builds a bridge from scientific research activity to practical action. A fundamental assumption motivating this research is that with a joint, planned and coordinated commitment from the industry, the adverse social, environment and economic effects of these changes could be mitigated and rather turned positive. Methodology To our knowledge, this study is going to see the knowledge and actions of managers in the tourism industry concerning Climate Change. A sample of Tourism Managers was used for this study. The total survey sample consists of 30 managers, which were selected at random, in hotels, travel agencies, airlines, tourist attractions sites, diving centres and among others. A pre-test of the survey instrument was conducted and slight modifications were made to improve the clarity of some questions. The survey was conducted in English. Literature review There are a variety of potential impacts of climate change. A number of reviews have investigated these effects, including the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), 2001; Bigio, 2003; McEvoy, 2007; Wilby, 2007, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) 2007b; and Huq et al, 2007, and generally identify the most important effects of climate change as: Effects of sea level rise on coastal regions (including the effects of storm surges); Effects on health (heat and cold related mortality, food and water borne disease, vector borne disease) arising from higher average temperatures and/or extreme events; Infrastructure damage from extremes (wind storms and including storm surges, floods from heavy precipitation events, heat extremes, droughts); Effects on tourism, and cultural heritage; Effects on urban biodiversity; Effects on energy use (heating and cooling, energy for water); Effects on water availability and resources; Ancillary effects on air pollution. The IPCC TAR (2001) provided a comprehensive review of the physical climate impacts on cities, using the evidence available at that time. It concluded that: Climate change is more likely to have important impacts on the development of settlements in resource-dependent regions or coastal or riverine locationsU. Most of the concerns were of possible negative impacts on development (e.g., on the comparative advantage of a settlement for economic growth compared with other locations), although impacts on some areas were considered likely to be positive. The recently published IPCC 4th Assessment WG II Report (Parry et al [IPCC], 2007d and Chapter 7 on industry, settlements and society Wilbanks, et al 2007) provides an update, based on more recent evidence, but reinforces the earlier findings. Additionally, it addresses vulnerability more explicitly, places climate change directly in the context of socio-economic change and recognises the potential for adaptation. The WG2 summary for policy makers (IPCC, 2007b) concludes that Costs and benefits of climate change for industry, settlement, and society will vary widely by location and scale. In the aggregate, however, net effects will tend to be more negative the larger the change in climate. And Where extreme weather events become more intense and/or more frequent, the economic and social costs of those events will increase, and these increases will be substantial in the areas most directly affected. Climate change impacts spread from directly impacted areas and sectors to other areas and sectors through extensive and complex linkages Although numerous studies have focused on public or tourists attitudes towards climate change (see Henry, 2000; Becken, 2004 and 2007; Norgaard, 2006; Gà ¶ssling et al., 2006; Gà ¶ssling and Peeters, 2007), tourism managers perceptions and their strategies have been under-researched thus far. Becken (2004) found that, overall, tourism experts mostly academics were better informed about the effects of climate change than tourists. A previous study on tourism professionals attitudes towards climate change at the ITB Fair in Berlin (Lund-Durlacher et al., 2007) revealed that there was a high awareness of climate change among tourism professionals and strong impacts on tourism were expected. On the other hand, tourisms contribution to that problem was seen as only moderate. When asked about the specific causes and suitable mitigation strategies, it turned out that many of those surveyed had only limited and sometimes inaccurate knowledge. The study showed that the tourism sector is a ware of the challenge posed by climate change. Around 90 % of the interviewees believe that tourism will be affected by climate change. Yet there are few constructive ideas as to what could be done about it. When asked about responses to climate change, 34 % have no answer, and 56 % did not respond when asked if they had already developed adaptive strategies in their own area of business (Lund-Durlacher et al., 2007). Perhaps the tourism industry is ambivalent about adaptation to climate change, because the question of adapting tourism to climate change is ambivalent in itself. On the other hand, it is also evident that the tourism industry does not make any indispensable contribution to humanitys survival. Hence, in the light of the man-made problem of climate change the tourist industry comes under increased pressure to account for its ecological consequences. Several studies have pointed out that tourism is a source of negative ecological impact (Buttler, 1991, Gà ¶ssling, 1999, 2000, Gà ¶ssling et al., 2003, 2005, Neto, 2003, Shah et al., 2002, Welford et al., 1999). Tourism accounts for approximately 5 per cent of the total CO2 emissions (Davos Declaration, 2007). Especially air travel is detrimental to the global climate, since planes emit mostly in strata of the atmosphere most vulnerable to pollution (Gà ¶ssling, 2000). Previous investigation on perceptions of climate change had indicated that public consciousness of the issue is high (Defra, 2006) with the great majority in 2005 believing that the worlds climate is altering and that action should be taken against it (Poortinga et al, 2006). A research was made from January to march 2010 on Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Energy Futures in Britain (Alexa Spence, Dan Venables, Nick Pidgeon, Wouter Pourtinga and Christina Demski, 2010) The main aim of that research was to investigate how public views in relation to climate change have changed since the major survey conducted by the research team in 2005, (Poortinga, Pidgeon and Lorenzoni, 2006). The results showed that although the majority of respondents believe that climate change is happening, levels of concern have fallen since 2005, and less than one-third of the population currently consider it to be a purely man-made phenomenon. However most people consider that it is their responsibility to take action against climate change, and that they personally can help to make a difference. In addition, most people say they would be willing to pay more for renewable energy and for projects designed to tackle climate change. Another research was carried out in Europe looking at Europeans Attitude towards Climate Change (EUROBAROMETER, 2008). The respondents were invited to give their opinion on a number of statements linked to the problem of climate change. Their attitudes can be summarised as follows: the issue of climate change is serious but the process is not unstoppable. Nearly two-thirds of Europeans (65%) do not think that the seriousness of climate change has been exaggerated, but they are nevertheless predominantly optimistic and widely disagree (60%) with the statement that the process of climate change is unstoppable. However, just under a third of Europeans (31%) are rather pessimistic and believe that climate change is an unstoppable process. Around a quarter (26%) think that the seriousness of climate change has been exaggerated. According to a wide majority of Europeans (70%), alternative fuels should be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 56% believe that fighting climate change can have a positive effect on the European economy. As far as the causes of climate change are concerned, a majority of citizens (55%) disagree with the statement that CO2 emissions have only a marginal impact on climate change. It is however noteworthy that a relatively high proportion of respondents have no opinion on these last two matters (20% and 15% respectively). Turning to citizens personal contribution to the fight against climate change, we see that a clear majority (61%) confirm that they have taken some kind of action in this cause. Scientists rarely cooperate directly with tourism managers. Studies that use transdisciplinary approaches to tourism are based solely on climate models (see for the case of Switzerland Mà ¼ller, 2007). There is a lack of different disciplines working on the successful implementation of adaptation strategies. The anticipatory adaptation to extreme weather events and expected climate change is an important aspect of sustainable development in the tourism sector, as it can change the patterns of traveller flow and create a new demand for products of the either regular or new tourists. A strategically oriented tourism policy and business is therefore challenged to integrate climate change into their decision-making processes, in order to minimize socio-economic risks and take advantage of new opportunities. Individual activities made by single players are not sufficient enough to develop adjusted infrastructure and facilities for tourism. Besides the competition between tourism players and an innovation of products for a sustainable development in destinations, there is a need for learning cooperation processes. Current tourism-based analyses stress the importance of collective learning for the future of tourism destinations (Saretzi et al., 2002). Social and scientific complexity of adaptation strategies (diversity of partners, correlations of impacts, uncertainty of future trends) are to be considered for cooperation processes in tourism. To achieve this collaboration, a link between tourism as well as climatic knowledge and operating experience, concerns and perspectives is needed. In order to stimulate social learning to allow proactive action under uncertainty, scientists and players have to be involved into a transdisciplinary research, design and development process. Both the tourism industry and researchers have identified a threat to tourism resulting from climate change, especially in alpine areas, small island states, and developing countries (World Tourism Organisation, 2003). Climate change is also likely to affect global tourist flows as a result of the changing attractiveness of both destinations and countries of origin (Hamilton et al., 2005). The factor of seasonality is also a component of the tourism industry. Seasonality can be influenced by climatic changes in the future. To support this fact, a research was made in Canada, the study examined the relationship between climate and visitation in order to understand the potential impact of climate change on the volume of visits and seasonal pattern of tourism in Canadas national parks. Results indicated that Canadas national parks could experience an increase in visitors under climate change due to a lengthened and improved warm-weather tourism season. In the 2020s, overall visitation levels were projected to increase 6% to 8%, with a number of parks projected to experience larger increases (+12% to 30%). The largest increase in visitation occurs during the spring and fall months. Visitation is projected to increase between 9% and 29% system-wide in the 2050s and between 10% and 41% in the 2080s. As a result this shows a positive impact on certain attractions which will r eceive an increasing number of visitors in the future. This may apply to Mauritius, noting that there can be an increase in tourist arrivals due to climate change, but this will bring mass tourism, which will definitely cause other negative environmental impacts while injecting more revenue in the Mauritian economy. Climate can have physical, physiological and psychological effects for visitors to a destination. For example, the air temperature can make the potential activities of visitors to the Caribbean less enjoyable due to the share discomfort of going outdoors. Indeed, Lise and Tol (2002) in an examination of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) group of countries reported that visitors tend to prefer temperatures of around 21 °C at their choice of holiday destination and they suggested that global warming could therefore lead to a shift away from some destinations that either become too hot or too cold. Many tourism activities are dependent on the weather conditions, and as most tourists have a high flexibility to adjust their holiday destinations then it is expected that climate change would be important to the tourism sector. Several studies have shown that climate significantly influences the tourist behaviour and it is one of the keys for tourists when selecting their travel location and activities (Murphy et al., 2000; de Freitas, 2003; Matzarakis et al., 2004; Tzu-Ping Lin and Andreas Matzarakis). Although developing countries are not the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, they will be most adversely affected by the changing climate (Pavoola and Adger 2006) and most in need of adequate adaptation strategies (Fà ¼ssel 2007). Developing countries often have, however, other priorities such as poverty eradication and economic growth than climate change (Mimura et al. 2007). The region to suffer most is predicted to be Africa (Brown et al. 2007) as African countries are dependent on climate-sensitive sectors (agriculture, fisheries, tourism), which are forecasted to face considerable changes in the future (Climate change2008; Brown et al. 2007; Osman-Elasha 2007). Some predictions depict sea-level rise of 18-59 cm by the year 2100 in Africa (IPCC 2007), which would imply threats to coastal infrastructure, communities and ecosystems. Small islands states and low-lying coastal areas are especially vulnerable for climate change induced impacts and their adaptive capacity for adaptation measures is relatively low as they are limited by their size and geographical setting (Pelling Uitto 2001; Nicholls and Lowe 2004; Mimura et al. 2007). The most significant effects of sea-level rise are the long term recession of the shorelines, increasing inundation and flooding, and salt water intrusion. This would result in the direct loss of economically, ecologically and culturally valuable land (Dubi 2000). Although the impacts of climate change itself may not be the largest threat, they become serious threat when coupled with anthropogenic impacts. Non-sustainable resource use and development therefore reduce the adaptive capacity of the natural systems (Dubi 2000). Furthermore, sea-level rise has specific significance for small islands as coastal zones are often densely populated; furthermore, coastal erosion and natural hazards are predicted to increase in magnitude and number in the future. Moreover, as Ragoonaden (2006) notes, sea-level rise is the far greatest challenge for the small island developing states in the near future. Multiple actors cause pressures on the coastal and marine environment in island settings when diverse actors utilise the same resources (Vaitoti 2008) and these actions have also significance in relation to climate change impacts. For example, the destruction of coral reefs will reduce coastal protection against storm surges and erosion (Lewsey et al 2004; Middleton 1999); in addition there is a strong correlation between coral reef destruction and climate change due to rising temperatures. An increase in sea water temperature and sea-level coupled with destructive fishing methods adversely affect the growth potential of coral, which will in turn reduce the protective ability (Dubi 2000). In addition, coral reefs cannot keep up with sudden sea-level rise due to their fixed growth pace and rising water temperature can advance coral bleaching (Reading et al. 1995). Moreover, coral reefs acts as a buffer against waves and reduce coastal erosion (Cesar et al. 2000; Ragoonaden 2006) and t herefore their role in protecting the shoreline cannot be underestimated. While the wider climate change debate has until recently mainly focused on mitigation (Burton et al., 2002; Wilbanks, 2003; Nicholls and Lowe, 2004), the sparse research specifically dealing with tourism and climate change has largely concentrated on tourisms vulnerability and adaptation to climate change (e.g., Elsasser and Buerki, 2002; Scott, 2003; Scott et al., 2003). Both the tourism industry and researchers have identified a threat to tourism resulting from climate change, especially in alpine areas, small island states, and developing countries (World Tourism Organisation, 2003). Climate change is also likely to affect global tourist flows as a result of the changing attractiveness of both destinations and countries of origin (Hamilton et al., 2005). Despite an inherent interest in protecting the tourism industry, there is increasing awareness that tourism is an important contributor to climate change through its consumption of fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gas emissio ns (Becken, 2002; Go ¨ ssling, 2002). The wider literature on climate change now emphasises that neither adaptation nor mitigation should be implemented independently, but that an integrated framework for sustainable development should be envisaged (IPCC, 2001; Nicholls and Lowe, 2004). In the same way, research on climate change and tourism will benefit from taking into account the multiple interactions between climate, tourism, and the wider environment (Dubois, 2003; Viner and Amelung, 2003).

The Divine Command Theory

A. Statement- or claim is an assertion that something is or is not the case; it is either true or B. Argument- an argument is a group of statements, one of which is supposed to be supported by the rest. In an argument the supporting statements are known as premises; the statement being supported is known as a conclusion. C. Indicator Words- are terms that often appear in arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion may be nearby. Arguments Good and Bad 1. Deductive arguments- are supposed to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions. 2. Inductive arguments- are supposed to offer only probable support for their conclusions. 3. Valid arguments- a deductive argument that does in fact provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion. 4. Invalid argument- a deductive argument that does not offer logically conclusive support for the conclusion. 5. Strong argument- an inductive argument that manages to actually give probable support to the conclusion. 6. Weak argument- an inductive argument that does not give probable support to the conclusion. 7. Sound argument- valid argument with true premises.  8. Cogent argument- strong argent with true premises. Moral Statements and Arguments A. Moral Statement- is a statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person is good or bad. B. Nonmoral Statements- is a statement that does not affirm that an action is right or wrong or that a person is good or bad. Avoiding Bad Arguments 1. Begging the question- is the fallacy of arguing in a circle that is trying to use a statement as both a premise in an argument and the conclusion of that argument. 2. Equivocation- assigns two different meanings to the same term in an argument. 3. Appeal to authority- the fallacy of relying on the opinion of someone thought to be an expert who is not. 4. Slippery slope- the fallacy of using dubious premises to argue that doing a particular action will inevitably lead to other actions that will result in disaster, so you should not do that first action. 5. Faulty analogy- is arguing by an analogy that is weak. 6. Appeals to ignorance- fallacy consists of arguing that the absence of evidence entitles us to believe a claim. 7. Straw man- misrepresenting someone’s claim or argument so it can be more easily refuted. 8. Appeal to the person- is arguing that a claim should be rejected solely because of the characteristics of the person who makes it. 9. Hasty generalization- the fa llacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group of people or things based on an undersized sample of the group. Summary This chapter was about the different types of evaluating moral arguments. The section that I thought was most interesting was the section when the author started to talk about moral statements and arguments. I agreed with what the author had to say when he said a moral statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person is good or bad. Like when a person lies they know that they have done something wrong without someone telling them. That is basically what this whole chapter about.

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Annotated Bibliography On Sql Injection - 3742 Words

SQL Injection 11/17/2014 name: Seth Clemens pseudonym: Tazmania deterlab: ru245ag Department of Computer Science, ITEC 345 Radford University Radford, United States of America sclemens@radford.edu Abstract – With data, now more than ever, being stored on databases instead of in filing cabinets, the awareness of SQL Injection attacks need to be raised. The goal of this document is to provide a basic understanding of SQL attacks, how they are executed, and what preventative measures can be taken to prevent such a dangerous attack from happening. I. INTRODUCTION Before computers were invented, humans would store data in filing cabinets, safes, libraries, and other such places. However, the method of storing data changed when computerized databases were invented in the 1960’s [4]. Storing data in a digital database became more of a time and cost efficient method over storing data in filing cabinets or other like places. Computerized databases provide the user, or users, the ability to access, add, or remove data in a matter of seconds rather than the possible hours it could take, going through hundreds of physical folders. Databases are normally used by businesses and schools to store their data. These databases are kept secure, and users can only access the information stored on the database they have been granted access to. Now data is added to, accessed, or remove from a database using languages such as SQL (Structured Query Language), MYSQL (My Sequel), etc.